Understanding the Core Challenges of ADHD: The SNAP-4 Framework

/ Western Medicine / By

To quickly grasp the core executive function challenges in ADHD, remember SNAP-4:

· Sustained Attention
· Navigation of Executive Functions
· Activation & Arousal
· Processing Speed & Emotional Regulation

This simple framework helps explain the daily struggles that go far beyond just trouble focusing.

SNAP-IV ADHD Rating Scale

SNAP-IV ADHD Rating Scale

Instructions: For each item, please select the number that best describes the child’s behavior over the past 6 months.

Rating Scale: 0 = Not at all, 1 = Just a little, 2 = Quite a bit, 3 = Very much

Inattention Symptoms

1. Fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork
2. Has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities
3. Does not seem to listen when spoken to directly
4. Does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties
5. Has difficulty organizing tasks and activities
6. Avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to engage in tasks that require sustained mental effort
7. Loses things necessary for tasks or activities
8. Is easily distracted by extraneous stimuli
9. Is forgetful in daily activities

Hyperactivity/Impulsivity Symptoms

10. Fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in seat
11. Leaves seat in classroom or in other situations in which remaining seated is expected
12. Runs about or climbs excessively in situations in which it is inappropriate
13. Has difficulty playing or engaging in leisure activities quietly
14. Is ‘on the go’ or acts as if ‘driven by a motor’
15. Talks excessively
16. Blurts out answers before questions have been completed
17. Has difficulty awaiting turn
18. Interrupts or intrudes on others