Introduction A central venous line (CVL), also known as a central venous catheter (CVC), is a medical device used to provide direct access to a large vein, typically in the chest, neck, or groin. These catheters are essential for administering medications, fluids, and nutrition, as well as for monitoring central venous pressure and facilitating hemodialysis. […]
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A Dacron cuff is a small, fibrous material attached to certain tunnelled central venous catheters (e.g., Hickman, Broviac, and some dialysis catheters). It is positioned under the skin, near the exit site of the catheter. Functions of the Dacron Cuff: 1. Prevents Infection: The body’s tissue grows into the cuff, creating a barrier that helps
Scarlet fever, also known as scarlatina, is a bacterial infection that primarily affects children but can occur in individuals of any age. It is characterized by a distinctive red rash, high fever, and sore throat. Although scarlet fever was once a serious and life-threatening illness, modern medicine has made it highly treatable with antibiotics. However,
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Herpetic gingivostomatitis is a common oral infection caused by herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1). It primarily affects children but can also occur in adults, especially those with compromised immune systems. This condition is characterised by painful sores in the mouth, swollen gums, and systemic symptoms like fever. While herpetic gingivostomatitis can be distressing, it is
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Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially serious infectious disease that primarily affects the lungs but can spread to other parts of the body. It is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis and has been a global health concern for centuries. Despite advancements in medicine, TB remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in
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A superficial cervical plexus block is a regional anaesthetic technique used to provide pain relief or numbness in the neck and upper shoulder region. It involves targeting the superficial cervical plexus, a network of nerves located near the side of the neck, which supplies sensation to the skin of the neck, jaw, ear, and portions
Postoperative fever is classified based on the timing of onset and the likely causes. Here’s a general guide according to the days after surgery: Day 0-2 (Immediate/Acute): Causes: • Inflammatory response to surgical trauma or anesthesia (common and benign) • Atelectasis (controversial, but frequently cited as a cause) • Pre-existing infection or bacteremia (e.g., from
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Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome (ODS) is a neurological disorder characterized by the destruction of myelin sheaths in the central nervous system due to rapid shifts in serum osmolality, typically caused by overly rapid correction of chronic hyponatremia. It is a rare but serious condition. Pathophysiology ODS usually occurs when chronic low sodium levels (hyponatremia) are corrected
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Bronchoscopy is a medical procedure that allows doctors to examine the airways and lungs using a specialized instrument called a bronchoscope. This diagnostic and therapeutic tool plays a crucial role in evaluating and managing respiratory conditions. What is a Bronchoscope? A bronchoscope is a thin, flexible or rigid tube equipped with a camera and light
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A tympanogram is a diagnostic test used to evaluate the function of the middle ear by measuring its response to changes in air pressure. The results are typically classified into types based on the shape of the tympanometric curve. During this test probe was inserted into the ear canal and measured the compliance of the
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