The Physiology of Coma: A State of Neural Shutdown When someone enters a coma, their brain undergoes dramatic physiological changes that disrupt normal consciousness. Here’s what happens at the biological, neurological, and metabolic levels: 1. Brain Activity in a Coma 2. Why Do People Stop Waking Up? Coma results from three major types of brain failure: Type […]
What Actually Happens in a Coma? A Scientific Breakdown Read More »
Heart disease and hypertension (high blood pressure) are leading causes of death worldwide, but they are largely preventable and manageable with the right knowledge and lifestyle changes. This guide covers causes, symptoms, risk factors, and practical steps to protect your heart health. Understanding Heart Disease & Hypertension 1. What Is Heart Disease? Heart disease refers
Heart Disease & Hypertension: A Complete Guide to Prevention and Management Read More »
Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Proper management is crucial to prevent complications and maintain a high quality of life. Whether you have Type 1, Type 2, or gestational diabetes, this guide will help you understand how to manage your condition effectively through diet, exercise, medication, and lifestyle changes. Understanding
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Introduction Brain death is the irreversible cessation of all brain and brainstem functions, a critical diagnosis with profound medical, ethical, and legal implications. Unlike coma or vegetative states, brain death is legally equivalent to cardiopulmonary death. This guide provides a step-by-step protocol for confirming brain death, adhering to the latest 2023 AAN/ACCM guidelines, ensuring accuracy for healthcare professionals
Brain Death Confirmation: A Step-by-Step Medical Protocol Read More »
Introduction Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) is a specialized form of dialysis designed for hemodynamically unstable patients in intensive care units (ICUs). Unlike conventional intermittent hemodialysis (IHD), CRRT provides slow, continuous blood purification, making it safer for patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) or multiorgan failure. This article explores the principles, modalities, indications, and clinical
Death conformation should be done by authorized medical officer. Patients with brain death but intubated and ventilated need expert opinion and specific protocol for death conformation. 1. Initial Assessment 2. Check Vital Signs Confirm absence of: 3. Confirmatory Signs 4. Documentation Record in medical notes: 5. Special Considerations 6. Legal Requirements FAQs 1. Who can
Protocol for Death Confirmation (Medical Professional’s Guide) Read More »
Introduction A central venous line (CVL), also known as a central venous catheter (CVC), is a medical device used to provide direct access to a large vein, typically in the chest, neck, or groin. These catheters are essential for administering medications, fluids, and nutrition, as well as for monitoring central venous pressure and facilitating hemodialysis.
Central Venous Lines: Types, Uses, and Considerations Read More »
A Dacron cuff is a small, fibrous material attached to certain tunnelled central venous catheters (e.g., Hickman, Broviac, and some dialysis catheters). It is positioned under the skin, near the exit site of the catheter. Functions of the Dacron Cuff: 1. Prevents Infection: The body’s tissue grows into the cuff, creating a barrier that helps
Scarlet fever, also known as scarlatina, is a bacterial infection that primarily affects children but can occur in individuals of any age. It is characterized by a distinctive red rash, high fever, and sore throat. Although scarlet fever was once a serious and life-threatening illness, modern medicine has made it highly treatable with antibiotics. However,
Scarlet Fever: (Fever with Rash) Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Read More »
Herpetic gingivostomatitis is a common oral infection caused by herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1). It primarily affects children but can also occur in adults, especially those with compromised immune systems. This condition is characterised by painful sores in the mouth, swollen gums, and systemic symptoms like fever. While herpetic gingivostomatitis can be distressing, it is
Herpetic Gingivostomatitis: Painful Oral Ulcers in Children : How to treat Read More »
